The filament of a light bulb has surface area $64 \mathrm{~mm}^2$. The filament can be considered as a black body at temperature 2500 K emitting radiation like a point source when viewed from far. At night the light bulb is observed from a distance of 100 m . Assume the pupil of the eyes of the observer to be circular with radius 3 mm . Then
(Take Stefan-Boltzmann constant $=5.67 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{Wm}^{-2} \mathrm{~K}^{-4}$, Wien's displacement constant $=2.90 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~m}-\mathrm{K}$, Planck's constant $=6.63 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{Js}$, speed of light in vacuum= $3.00 \times 10^8 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}$ )-
Select ALL correct options:
A
power radiated by the filament is in the range 642 W to 645 W
B
radiated power entering into one eye of the observer is in the range $3.15 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~W}$ to $3.25 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~W}$
C
the wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity of light is 1160 nm
D
taking the average wavelength of emitted radiation to be 1740 nm , the total number of photons entering per second into one eye of the observer is in the range $2.75 \times 10^{11}$ to $2.85 \times 10^{11}$
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Incorrect. Try again or view the solution.
⚠ Partially correct. Some answers are missing.
Solution
Sol. $A=64 \mathrm{~mm}^2, T=2500 \mathrm{~K}(A=$ surface area of filament, $T=$ temperature of filament, $d$ is distance of bulb from observer, $R_e=$ radius of pupil of eye)
Point source $\mathrm{d}=100 \mathrm{~m}$
$$
\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{e}}=3 \mathrm{~mm}
$$
(A)
$$
\begin{aligned}
\mathrm{P}= & \sigma \mathrm{AeT}^4 \\
& =5.67 \times 10^{-8} \times 64 \times 10^{-6} \times 1 \times(2500)^4(\mathrm{e}=1 \text { black body }) \\
& =141.75 \mathrm{w}
\end{aligned}
$$
Option (A) is wrong
(B) Power reaching to the eye
$$
\begin{aligned}
& =\frac{\mathrm{P}}{4 \pi \mathrm{~d}^2} \times\left(\pi \mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{e}}^2\right) \\
& =\frac{141.75}{4 \pi \times(100)^2} \times \pi \times\left(3 \times 10^{-3}\right)^2 \\
& =3.189375 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~W}
\end{aligned}
$$
Option (B) is correct
(C)
$$
\begin{aligned}
\lambda_{\mathrm{m}} \mathrm{~T} & =\mathrm{b} \\
& \lambda_{\mathrm{m}} \\
\Rightarrow & \times 2500=2.9 \times 10^{-3} \\
\Rightarrow \lambda_{\mathrm{m}} & =1.16 \times 10^{-6} \\
& =1160 \mathrm{~nm}
\end{aligned}
$$
Option (C) is correct
(D) Power received by one eye of observer $=\left(\frac{\mathrm{hc}}{\lambda}\right) \times \dot{\mathrm{N}}$
$\dot{\mathrm{N}}=$ Number of photons entering into eye per second
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \Rightarrow 3.189375 \times 10^{-8} \\
& \quad=\frac{6.63 \times 10^{-34} \times 3 \times 10^8}{1740 \times 10^{-9}} \times \dot{\mathrm{N}}
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
\Rightarrow \dot{\mathrm{N}}=2.79 \times 10^{11}
$$
Option (D) is correct
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