The nuclear charges (Ze) is non-uniformly distributed within a nucleus of radius R. The charge density $\rho(r)$ [charge per unit volume] is dependent only on the radial distance $r$ form the centre of the nucleus as shown in figure. The electric field is only along the radial direction.
For $a=0$, the value of $d$ (maximum value of $\rho$ as shown in the figure) is
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